Generic Elective Paper - II

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Unit-I

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Plant-water relations: Importance of water

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1. Properties of water http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/plant-physiology/water-and-plant-life-with-diagram/22648

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/articles/properties-of-water-and-its-importance-to-life/6008

3. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/water/

4. http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/uncategorized/2019/biological-roles-of-water-why-is-water-necessary-for-life/

5. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/plant-water-relations/water-and-growth-of-plants-botany/51433

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Water potential and its components

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1. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/water-potential/

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/water-potential-components-and-osmotic-relations-of-cells-plants/14853

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Transpiration and its significance; Factors affecting transpiration

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1. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=6703

2. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=6710

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/transpiration/notes-on-transpiration-meaning-factors-and-significance/39658

4. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=6711

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Root pressure and guttation

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1. https://www.britannica.com/science/root-pressure

2. https://www.askiitians.com/biology/transport-in-plants/absorption-of-water.html

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/guttation/phenomenon-of-guttation-in-plants-with-diagram/14940

4. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/water-loss/guttation-in-plants-plant-physiology/39663

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Mineral nutrition: Essential elements

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1. Mineral Nutrition http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/l/kebo112.pdf (Total Chapter pdf)

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/minerals/mineral-nutrition-and-elements-in-plants-botany/14934

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/plant-physiology/essential-and-non-essential-elements-in-plants/22776

4. Macro and Micronutrients https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/31%3A_Soil_and_Plant_Nutrition/31.1%3A_Nutritional_Requirements_of_Plants/31.1C%3A_Essential_Nutrients_for_Plants

5. https://www.ncagr.gov/cyber/kidswrld/plant/nutrient.htm

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Criteria of essentiality of elements

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/mineral-nutrition/essentiality-of-mineral-elements-plants/25635

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/essay/mineral-nutrition-essay/essay-on-the-essential-mineral-elements/44789

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Role of essential elements

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/essential-elements-required-for-plants/51463

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/mineral-nutrition/functions-of-essential-elements-of-plants/44770

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/essential-mineral-elements-in-plants/22779

4. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/pnm3.pdf

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Transport of ions across cell membrane, active and passive transport, carriers, channels and pumps

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1. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/transport-across-membranes/

2. https://www.biology-pages.info/D/Diffusion.html

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/cell-membrane/transport-across-cell-membrane-4-ways-biology/85184

4. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/organism/metabolism-organism/transport-of-molecules-across-cell-membrane/50783

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Translocation in phloem.: Composition of phloem sap, girdling experiment; Pressure flow model; Phloem loading and unloading

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/translocation/translocation-of-organic-solutes-with-diagram-plants/23272

2. http://bio1520.biology.gatech.edu/nutrition-transport-and-homeostasis/plant-transport-processes-ii/

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/phloem-transport/source-and-sink-in-phloem-translocation-plant-physiology/70606

4. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/translocation/phloem-transport-mechanism-and-factors-affecting-plants/25681

 

 

Unit-II

Photosynthesis

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1. https://www.britannica.com/science/photosynthesis

2. https://www.livescience.com/51720-photosynthesis.html

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/process/the-process-of-photosynthesis-in-plants-with-diagram/15096

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Photosynthetic Pigments (Chl a, b, xanthophylls, carotene)

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1. https://www.biologyexams4u.com/2017/02/3-major-classes-of-photosynthetic.html#.XpNXo_0zaUk

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/photoreceptors-of-photosynthetic-pigments/39805

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/types-of-photosynthetic-pigments-2-types/52238

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Photosystem I and II, reaction center, antenna molecules

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/two-pigments-systems-photosystems-photosynthesis/22972

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/photosystem-i-ps-i-and-photosystem-ii-ps-ii-photosynthesis/51599

3. https://www.britannica.com/science/photosynthesis/Photosystems-I-and-II

4. https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/5-2-the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis/

5. Antenna molecules  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/photosynthetic-antenna-pigments-with-diagram/25730

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Electron transport and mechanism of ATP synthesis

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1. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/photosynthesis-in-plants/the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis/a/light-dependent-reactions

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/process/the-process-of-photosynthesis-in-plants-with-diagram/15096

 

C3, C4 and CAM pathways of carbon fixation

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/essay-on-the-path-of-carbon-in-photosynthesis/24839

2. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/photosynthesis-in-plants/photorespiration--c3-c4-cam-plants/a/c3-c4-and-cam-plants-agriculture

3. https://biodifferences.com/difference-between-c3-c4-and-cam-pathway.html

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Respiration

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1. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation/overview-of-cellular-respiration-steps/a/steps-of-cellular-respiration

2. https://www.britannica.com/science/cellular-respiration

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/respiration-plants/respiration-in-plants-meaning-and-mechanism-botany/51564

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Glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, TCA cycle; Oxidative Phosphorylation

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1. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation/glycolysis/a/glycolysis

2. https://microbiologyinfo.com/glycolysis-10-steps-explained-steps-by-steps-with-diagram/

3. Anaerobic respiration  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/anaerobic-respiration-plant-physiology-2/anaerobic-respiration-in-plants/44633

4. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation/variations-on-cellular-respiration/a/fermentation-and-anaerobic-respiration

5. TCA cycle http://www.biologydiscussion.com/organism/metabolism-organism/the-krebs-cycle-notes-on-the-krebs-cycle-with-diagram-metabolism/50314

6. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/microbiology-2/microbial-respiration/tricarboxylic-acid-cycle-tca-meaning-outline-and-significance/55283

7. https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/citric-acid-cycle-or-krebs-cycle-or-tricarboxylic-acid-tca-cycle/

8. Oxidative Phosphorylation  https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation/oxidative-phosphorylation/a/oxidative-phosphorylation-etc

9. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/microbiology-2/microbial-respiration/oxidative-phosphorylation-with-diagram/55302

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Unit-III

Enzymes: Structure and properties; Mechanism of enzyme catalysis and enzyme inhibition

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/enzymes/enzymes-meaning-mechanism-classification-factors-and-importance/17003

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/notes/enzymes-notes/biology-notes-on-enzymes/69993

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/metabolism/microbial-metabolism/enzymes-definition-mechanisms-and-classification-microbiology/65516

4. Enzyme inhibition https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_and_Easy_(Ahern_and_Rajagopal)/04%3A_Catalysis/4.11%3A_Enzyme_Inhibition

5. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/enzymes/enzymology/factors-affecting-the-enzyme-activity-enzymology/51441

6. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/enzyme-regulation/a/enzyme-regulation

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Nitrogen metabolism: Biological nitrogen fixation; Nitrate and ammonia assimilation

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/nitrogen-metabolism/metabolism-of-nitrogen-in-plants-botany/51490

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/nitrogen-fixation/types-nitrogen-fixation/nitrogen-fixation-types-physical-and-biological-nitrogen-fixation-with-diagram/14969

3. https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/mineral-nutrition/metabolism-of-nitrogen/

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Unit-IV

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Plant growth regulators: Discovery and physiological roles of auxins, gibberellins,cytokinins, ABA, ethylene

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/plant-growth/top-6-types-of-plant-growth-regulator-botany/51700

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/growth-regulators/plant-growth-regulators-pgrs-botany/51722

3. https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/105698/8/08_chapter%201.pdf

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Plant response to light and temperature

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1. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/plant-biology/plant-responses-to-light-cues/a/phototropism-photoperiodism

2. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/plant-responses-to-light/

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Photoperiodism (SDP, LDP, Day neutral plants)

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/photoperiodism/plants-that-responds-to-photoperiodism-botany/51721

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/plant-physiology/study-notes-photoperiodism-with-diagram-plants/23590

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Phytochrome (discovery and structure)

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1. https://biologyboom.com/phytochromes/

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/photophysiology/notes-on-phytochrome-plant-physiology/39771

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/development-process/phytochrome-discovery-structure-and-mode-of-action/26103

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Red and far red light responses on photomorphogenesis; Vernalization

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/photomorphogenesis/photomorphogenesis-with-diagram-plant-physiology/23766

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-physiology-2/photomorphogenesis/photomorphogenesis-with-diagram-plant-physiology/23766

3. Vernalization  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/vernalization/vernalization-definition-requirement-and-importance/44762

4. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/flowering-plants/vernalization-definition-site-and-application-flowering/40226