Core Paper IV
ARCHEGONIATAE

Unit-I

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Introduction: Unifying features of archegoniates; Alternation of generations. General characteristics

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/characteristics-of-bryophyta-botany/54090

2. https://www.britannica.com/plant/bryophyte#ref57920

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/bryophyta-features-classification-and-economic-importance/5654

4. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/bryophytes/bryophytes-meaning-characteristics-and-affinities/46232

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Transition to land habit : Origin of land plants and Adaptations to land habit

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1. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/early-plant-life/

2. http://bio1520.biology.gatech.edu/biodiversity/land-plants/

3. https://www.ck12.org/biology/plant-evolution/lesson/Plants-Adaptations-for-Life-on-Land-MS-LS/

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Bryophytes : Origin and Classification; Range of thallus organization. Classification (up to family). Structure, Reproduction and evolutionary trends in Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros and Funaria (developmental stages not included). Ecological and economic importance of bryophytes

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1. https://www.britannica.com/plant/bryophyte#ref57920

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/bryophytes/bryophytes-meaning-characteristics-and-affinities/46232

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/bryophyta-features-classification-and-economic-importance/5654

4. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/bryophytes-reproduction-origin-and-affinities-with-diagram/21265

5. Riccia  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/bryophytes/reproduction-in-riccia-with-diagram/46221

6. Marchantia  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/bryophytes/reproduction-in-marchantia-with-diagram/46298

7. Anthoceros  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/bryophytes/reproduction-in-anthoceros-with-diagram/46257

8. Anthoceros  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/life-cycle-of-anthoceros-with-diagram-anthocerotopsida/54051

9. Funaria http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/bryophytes/reproduction-in-funaria-with-diagram/46288

10. Funaria http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/bryophytes/life-cycle-of-funaria-with-diagram-bryopsida/53931

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Unit-II
Pteridophytes: General characteristics, classification. Classification (up to family),
morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Psilotum, Selaginella, Equisetum, Pteris and Marsilea

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/articles/pteridophytes-features-economic-importance-and-classification/5698

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/pteridophytes/13-important-characters-of-pteridophytes-explained/5692

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/characteristics-of-pteridophyta-botany/54064

4. Psilotum  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/pteridophytes/psilotum-distribution-and-phylogeny-botany/73691

5. Psilotum  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/psilotum-features-reproduction-and-phylogeny/46152

6. Selaginella  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/pteridophytes/selaginella-habitat-reproduction-and-life-cycle/53199

7. Selaginella  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/selaginella-habitat-features-and-reproduction/46084

8. Equisetum  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/equisetum-habitat-structure-and-reproduction/46033

9. Pteris  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/pteris-structure-and-reproduction/45952

10. Marsilea  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/pteridophytes/marsilea-habitat-external-features-and-reproduction/53235

11. Marsilea  http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/marsilea-habit-structure-and-reproduction/45960

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Apogamy, and apospory, heterospory and seed habit, telome theory, stellar evolution and economic importance

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1. http://botanydictionary.org/apogamy.html

2. http://botanydictionary.org/apospory.html

3. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/pteridophytes/heterospory-and-seed-habit-in-pteridophytes-botany/53013

4. https://www.slideshare.net/gohilsanjay3/heterospory-and-seed-habit-108932382

5. https://www.easybiologyclass.com/heterospory-and-seed-habitat-in-pteridophytes-short-notes/

6. https://www.plantscience4u.com/2014/04/heterospory-and-seed-habit-in.html#.XnxEhOozaUk

7. Telome theory http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/telome-theory-with-diagram/45897

8. https://botanytricks.blogspot.com/2018/08/telome-theory.html

9. https://www.slideshare.net/DEEPAKDAS94/telome-theory

10. Stellar evolution https://www.easybiologyclass.com/types-of-stelar-systems-and-its-evolution-in-pteridophytes-and-higher-plants-with-ppt/

11. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plant-tissues/tissue-system/stelar-system-of-plant-definition-and-types-with-diagrams/20313

12. https://www.plantscience4u.com/2014/04/types-of-stelar-system-and-its.html#.XnxKC-ozaUk

13. Economic importance http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/plant-kingdom/pteridophytes-characters-and-economic-importance-plant-kingdom/52192

14. https://www.slideshare.net/hunter515/economic-importance-of-pteridophyta

 

Unit-IV

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Palaeobotany: Geological time scale, fossils and fossilization process

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1. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/palaeobotany/palaeobotany-meaning-and-significance/53320

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/paleobotany/palaeobotany-concept-technique-and-important-strata-botany/18744

3. Geological time scale http://www.biologydiscussion.com/articles/geological-time-scale-meaning-divisions-and-events/22622

4. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/articles/geological-time-scale-meaning-divisions-and-events/22622

5. Fossil  fossilization process http://www.biologydiscussion.com/fossils/fossils-definition-and-its-study-biology/73890

6. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/fossils/fossils-meaning-formation-and-types/22624

7. https://biologyboom.com/fossil-and-fossilization/

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Morphology, anatomy and affinities of Rhynia, Calamites, Lepidodendron, Lyginopteris, Cycadeoidea and Williamsonnia

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1. Rhunia http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/features-and-anatomy-of-rhynia-with-diagram/54458

2. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/pteridophytes/structure-of-rhynia-with-diagram-pteridophytes/53037

3. Calamites http://www.biologydiscussion.com/pteridophytes/calamites-features-and-structure-botany/73882

4. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/calamites-habit-sub-genera-and-structure/46026

5. Lepododendron http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/lepidodendron-habit-habitat-and-structure/46148

6. Lyginopteris http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/lyginopteris-position-features-and-reproductive-structure-botany/18788

7. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/gymnosperm/lyginopteridaceae-features-nomenclature-and-anatomy/22086

8. Cycadeoidea http://www.biologydiscussion.com/gymnosperm/cycadeoidea-history-features-and-anatomy-bennetitales/22142

9. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/cycadeoideales-introduction-classification-and-features-botany/18783

10. Williamsonnia http://www.biologydiscussion.com/gymnosperm/williamsonia-occurrence-external-features-and-reproduction-bennettitales/22132

11. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/quick-notes-on-williamsonia-botany/18837